Airlines now subject to Americans with Disabilities Act
January 28th, 2009A monumental lawsuit between Northwest Airlines and five Detroit-area airline travelers with physical disabilities has brought attention to a crucial question: How does the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) protect air travelers with disabilities?
As the law is currently written, aircraft are excluded from the definition of “specified public transportation.” Past court cases have interpreted this to also mean that airport terminals are excluded from ADA coverage.
However, in this most recent case, U.S. District Judge George Caram Steeh said in a 13-page opinion that this interpretation is “inconsistent with the plain meaning of the statute.”
The Detroit-area residents filed suit against Northwest Airlines and Wayne County Airport Authority in Detroit (which was recently dropped as a defendant), claiming that the airline and airport failed to provide proper accommodations in a number of areas. Among several complaints, the plaintiffs said Northwest failed to provide boarding assistance in some cases, dropped passengers to the floor when assisting them improperly and damaged wheelchairs in the airline’s possession during flight.
Because aircraft are excluded from ADA coverage, airlines have been held to the standards of the Air Carriers Access Act (ACAA), which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in air travel and requires air carriers to accommodate the needs of passengers with disabilities. However, individuals are not allowed to file private claims under this law and must depend on the federal government for enforcement. Northwest argued the case should be dismissed because the ADA does not apply to airlines, and the ACAA does not allow individuals to file private claims.
Judge Steeh dismissed the plaintiffs’ claims under the ACAA, but ruled the ADA does apply to airport terminals and thus the case may continue. He said that although aircraft are covered by the ACAA, airports are covered by the ADA, which includes terminals operated by the airlines, such as Northwest Airline’s terminal at the Detroit airport. Therefore, Northwest’s terminal — and all airline terminals — must meet ADA guidelines.
“This interpretation is consistent with Congress’ intent to limit the ACAA’s reach to aircraft and the ADA’s reach to public spaces, such as terminals. In fact, to conclude otherwise would leave the door open for acts of discrimination that could not be remedied,” Judge Steeh said in his opinion. In the ADA language, “public accommodation” is defined to include entities affecting commerce such as “a terminal, depot, or other station used for specified public transportation.” And according to Judge Steeh, the Northwest Airlines terminal at the Detroit airport is considered a public accommodation, as it’s used for “bus, rail and other motorized transport along with its principal function as a center for transportation by aircraft.”
Peter Berg, project coordinator of technical assistance at Great Lakes ADA, said the ADA applies to airport facilities, which includes anything from the front door to the jet way. The ACAA requires airlines to assist travelers with disabilities, such as helping someone in a wheelchair board the plane safely and guiding someone who is visually impaired from the ticket counter
onto the airplane. These services are not limited to the airplanes
themselves, according to Berg; airlines are responsible for providing these services in the airport terminals. Thus, as they operate within their terminals, airlines are subject to the standards set forth by the ADA.
In an article in “The Detroit News,” Kristin Baur, a spokesperson for
Northwest, said the airline “is currently reviewing the ruling and evaluating its options regarding future actions.” Baur also said the airline continues to be committed to providing accessible air travel for all customers.
Visit the Federal Aviation Administration’s Web site at www.faa.gov to learn more about traveling rights for passengers with disabilities










